Citizen Engagement in EU Collective Action Energy Projects

Transitioning to a low-carbon economy requires profound changes in the energy system, including digitisation and decentralisation. Collective action projects are promising means of supporting this transformation since they redistribute control resources citizens foster sustainable behaviours, as well potentially enhancing justice democracy. The EU has funded number collective R&I which combine use new technologies community engagement. We identify 28 such investigate types engagement strategies trialed challenges face. find that comprise mixture shorter term participation longer behaviour change strategies. There is tendency towards based on feedback and/or rewards, while other like targeting group norms less common. Overall, opt for medium-level participation, co-creative or more empowering approaches A lack consistency approach reported data social impacts makes it difficult determine how effective (and hence themselves) have been. provide some recommendations designing monitoring similar research going forward.